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Why Golden Horde Was Able to Dominate Eastern Europe.

Mongol Golden Horde conquestsAs a nomadic people, the Mongols were forced west from their central Asian home territory due to unusually dry weather. They were highly dependent upon trade, and as agriculture suffered in Asia, they moved west to greener pastures.

Superior Military Technology. A result of exposure to various methods, thanks to their nomadic lifestyle. This included superior horsemanship skills and superior bows.

Strengthening Numbers. They were also effective at increasing their ranks as they passed through conquered territories, since they forced defeated peoples to join and fight with them or die. They would slaughter all defeated peoples that would not go along with them. Therefore, they were a frightening power by the time they entered the gateway to Europe through Southern Russia. The Rus people were submitted to their rule, but with a fair amount of autonomy, although steep taxes & tribute were extracted.

Learned Diplomacy. They had also grown to dominate the northern trade route from Europe to Asia, contributing greatly to their wealth and sophistication, as they became learned in other aspects besides just military, including science and government philosophies, which enhanced their ability to diplomatically appease conquered peoples.

Europe's Weakened Condition. Their timing was also fortunate, as their arrival coincided with the Black Death plague, severely weakening all of Europe. It may have been the Mongols that actually introduced the plague.

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